A Master's thesis at the College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, examined a study titled "The Level of Cadmium, Lead, and Molybdenum in the Blood of Kidney Stone Patients in Basrah City", presented by the student Qaisar Shahid Jassim Mohammed.
The study aimed to observe the relationship between the occurrence of kidney stones in a group of individuals and the concentrations of these toxic metals in their blood serum. The research also highlighted the biochemical relationship between the levels of these three heavy metals in the blood and kidney function, investigating whether there is a correlational effect with liver enzymes and liver function, as well as examining any potential impact on antioxidant enzymes, xanthine oxidase, or malondialdehyde.
The study concluded that molybdenum, cadmium, and lead were identified as risk factors for the formation of kidney stones. There is a correlation between higher blood levels of these metals and an increased risk of kidney stones in adults, as individuals with elevated levels of these three heavy metals may be more susceptible to the condition. The research also concluded that elevated levels of heavy metals are associated with significant variations in kidney and liver functions, as well as the effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes.
