Assistant Lecturer Shaima Nadim at the College of Pharmacy participated in the discussion seminar held by the University of Diyala, entitled (Discovery and Development of Drugs and Ethics of Scientific Research), with the participation of researchers and specialists. The seminar included identifying how to conduct scientific experiments, methods of using medicines and the way to deal with laboratory animals, as well as studying the properties of the microbes, including its isolation, shape, growth rate, virulence factors and the genetic composition of the microbe, and studying pathological tissue changes to know what effect the microbe or drug causes on tissues and the immune response.  The panel also discussed laboratory animals and which substances are injected for the purpose of conducting experiments and the laws to which they are subjected. A license must be granted to the researcher before conducting the laboratory experiment, pledging to abide by all legal and health procedures to ensure the least harm to the laboratory animals.   The panel discussion showed the steps taken in international universities to produce a specific drug, which is the knowledge of the pathogen and the defect it causes in the body’s functions, conducting experiments outside the body in the tissue culture lab, studying the drug on experimental animals, as well as pharmaceutical studies in terms of toxicity and metabolism, and experimenting with the drug on humans, and finally obtaining approval for legal production of the drug.